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All metrics with their unit and calculation method. Rebuilt automatically from the properties of all notes — edit the notes, not this page.
76 metrics, grouped by category. Origin says whether students defined the metric themselves, adapted it, or took it from a standard such as BREEAM, LEED or DGNB.
Biodiversity
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biodiversity net gain | % change in biodiversity units | (Post-development biodiversity units − baseline units) ÷ baseline × 100, where units = habitat area × distinctiveness × condition (e.g. the UK statutory metric). | Rhino.Ecologic | 7 | adapted · UK Biodiversity Net Gain metric |
| Biotope area factor | index 0–1 | Σ(area of each surface type × its ecological weighting factor) ÷ total site area (Berlin BAF method). | Grasshopper | 1 | adapted · Berlin Biotope Area Factor (BAF) |
| Ecological connectivity | qualitative (connected / not connected) | Mapping whether site greenery links to nearby corridors, water bodies and habitats (distance and continuity of green links). | — | 2 | student |
| Function stacking index | index 1–5 (or % of surface area with ≥ 2 functions) | Σ(area of each surface × number of functions it serves) ÷ total surface area (ground + roof + facade). Functions: logistics operation, stormwater handling, habitat, human amenity, energy. | — | 5 | adapted |
| Green area ratio | % of site (or m²) | Vegetated area ÷ total site area × 100. | Grasshopper, Lands Design | 11 | student |
| Green plot ratio | index | Total leaf area (leaf area index × planted area) ÷ site area. | — | 1 | adapted |
| Green roof coverage | % of roof area | Vegetated roof area ÷ total roof area × 100. | Grasshopper | 3 | student |
| Native species richness | number of species | Count of native plant (or animal) species supported on site, from planting plan or survey. | Rhino.Ecologic | 4 | student |
| Tree count and canopy cover | trees/ha or % canopy | Number of trees (or crown area) on site ÷ site area; compared before and after the design. | Lands Design | 3 | student |
Carbon
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biodiversity stress from materials | PDF·m²·year | Life-cycle impact on species loss caused by material extraction and production (potentially disappeared fraction of species), calculated in LCA software. | One Click LCA | 1 | adapted |
| Carbon per pallet handled | kgCO2e/pallet | Annual (operational or whole-life) carbon ÷ pallets handled per year. | — | 1 | student |
| Carbon sequestration by planting | tCO2/ha·year | Planted area × sequestration rate of the vegetation type (from literature). | — | 2 | adapted |
| Carbon usage effectiveness | kgCO2e/kWh (IT) | Total CO2 emissions caused by the facility’s energy use ÷ IT equipment energy. | — | 1 | standard · The Green Grid |
| Design for disassembly score | score 0–10 | Checklist score: dry/reversible connections, standard modules, material passports, separable layers. | — | 1 | adapted |
| Embodied carbon intensity | kgCO2e/m² | Material quantities × emission factors from EPDs/databases, summed over life-cycle modules (A1–A3 or A1–C4) ÷ gross floor area. Calculated with LCA tools such as One Click LCA or Bombyx. | Bombyx, CO2mpare, LearnCarbon, One Click LCA | 9 | standard · EN 15978 |
| Embodied carbon saved by reuse | tCO2e | Embodied carbon of an equivalent new building − embodied carbon of the retrofit (reused structure counted as zero or reduced). | One Click LCA | 3 | adapted |
| Last-mile delivery emissions | tCO2/year | Vehicle-km per year for each delivery mode × emission factor of that mode (kgCO2/km). | — | 3 | adapted |
| Life-cycle impact by stage | % of total impact per module | LCA result split by EN 15978 modules (A1–A3, A4, A5, B, C) for each impact indicator. | One Click LCA | 1 | standard · EN 15978 |
| Material reuse share | % (or count of reused elements) | Reused or recycled material (by mass, volume or number of elements) ÷ total material × 100. | — | 2 | student |
| Operational carbon | kgCO2e/m²·year | Annual energy use per energy carrier × emission factor of that carrier (e.g. grid kgCO2e/kWh). | Dragonfly, Honeybee, nPro, URBANopt | 6 | standard |
| Whole-life carbon | tCO2e/year (annualised) | (Embodied carbon + operational carbon over the reference period) ÷ number of years. | CO2mpare, One Click LCA | 1 | adapted · EN 15978 |
Comfort
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daylight autonomy | % of occupied hours | Share of occupied hours in which a point reaches a target illuminance (e.g. 300 lux) from daylight alone, simulated with Radiance-based tools. | Honeybee, Pollination | 2 | standard · DA300 / EN 17037 |
| Indoor air quality | ppm CO2 | Indoor CO2 concentration as a proxy for ventilation quality; target e.g. below 900 ppm. | — | 1 | standard · WELL |
| Natural ventilation potential | % of floor area / hours | Share of floor area (or hours) that can be ventilated naturally, based on opening area, depth and climate. | Butterfly | 1 | adapted |
| Noise level | dB(A) | Noise mapping (from municipal noise maps or simulation) at façades and outdoor spaces; reduction compared with the existing state. | Geoportal Praha | 4 | student |
| Pedestrian-level wind speed | m/s | CFD simulation of wind around the buildings at about 1.5 m height for prevailing wind directions; compared with comfort criteria (e.g. Lawson). | Butterfly, Eddy3D, Jifto | 1 | adapted · Lawson criteria |
| Sun exposure of outdoor space | % of area or hours of direct sun | Sunlight-hours analysis on the ground plane for key days (e.g. equinox, summer solstice). | Cyclops, Jifto, Ladybug | 2 | student |
| Thermal comfort | PMV / UTCI / % in comfort zone | Indoor: Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) or adaptive comfort; outdoor: Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), simulated from weather data. | Eddy3D, Honeybee, Jifto, Ladybug, Pollination | 1 | standard · EN 16798 / ASHRAE 55 |
| Urban heat island effect | °C above reference | Surface or air temperature difference to a rural reference, simulated or from satellite maps. | Dragonfly | 2 | student |
| Wind conditions | m/s and % of hours by direction | Wind rose from a weather file (EPW) or wind atlas: frequency of wind speeds per direction. | Eddy3D, Jifto, Ladybug | 2 | standard |
| Worker well-being | score / % satisfied | Post-occupancy survey or checklist score of daylight, views, rest areas, greenery and facilities for workers. | — | 4 | student |
Economy
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CapEx–OpEx ratio | % / % over 30 years | Investment cost vs. sum of operating costs over a 30-year life (undiscounted or as net present value). | One Click LCA | 3 | student |
| Construction cost | EUR/m² | Cost estimate per gross floor area; or cost of a building element (e.g. envelope) derived from its quantity. | Galapagos | 2 | student |
| Electricity price | CZK/kWh or EUR/kWh | Business electricity tariff at the project location, including grid fees. | — | 3 | standard |
| Last-mile delivery cost | EUR/delivery or % change | Total cost of the final delivery step ÷ number of deliveries. | — | 2 | adapted |
| Social cost of carbon | EUR | Total emissions (tCO2e) × a carbon price per tonne. | One Click LCA | 1 | standard |
Energy
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy per package delivered | kWh/package | Energy used by the delivery mode over a route ÷ number of packages delivered. | — | 1 | adapted |
| Energy use intensity | kWh/m²·year | Annual delivered energy ÷ gross floor area. Simulated (e.g. Honeybee/EnergyPlus) or taken from metered data or benchmarks. | Dragonfly, Honeybee, Pollination, URBANopt | 9 | standard · NZEB / EU benchmarks |
| Heat recovery radius | m | Distance within which recovered heat can be delivered usefully: available heat output vs. heat losses of the connecting network per metre. | — | 1 | student |
| Heating energy demand | kWh/year | Sum of space-heating demand over a year; simulated, or estimated from heated volume × heat-loss coefficient × degree days. | Honeybee, nPro, Pollination | 1 | student |
| On-site renewable energy share | % of demand | On-site renewable generation ÷ total annual energy demand × 100. | Dragonfly, nPro, URBANopt | 4 | student |
| Power usage effectiveness | ratio (≥ 1.0) | Total facility energy ÷ energy used by the IT equipment. 1.0 would mean zero overhead for cooling and power distribution. | — | 2 | standard · The Green Grid / ISO/IEC 30134-2 |
| Rooftop PV generation | MWh/year | Usable roof area × annual solar irradiation (kWh/m²) × module efficiency × performance ratio. Irradiation from solar radiation analysis (Ladybug, Cyclops) or PVGIS. | Cyclops, Dragonfly, Honeybee, Ladybug, URBANopt | 4 | student |
| Waste heat recovery | MWh/year | Heat produced by IT or process load × recoverable share (e.g. 80 %), compared with the heat demand of nearby users. | nPro | 2 | student |
Location
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delivery catchment | km or minutes | Radius (distance or travel time) a hub can serve with a given vehicle; number of hubs needed to cover a city. | — | 2 | adapted |
| Distance to housing | m or % of program beyond buffer | Distance from noisy or hazardous logistics functions to the nearest residential building; or share of such functions outside a buffer zone. | Geoportal Praha, Grasshopper | 3 | student |
| Land take | m² or % of site | Building footprint (plus paved operational area) ÷ site area; compared before and after. | Grasshopper | 6 | student |
| Public transport accessibility | m (walking distance) or score | Walking distance from the entrance to the nearest stops, or a score by transport mode (walk, bike, tram, bus, car). | Geoportal Praha | 1 | student |
| Walkability | score | Walk Score-type index, or a custom score of route continuity, crossings and destinations within walking distance. | — | 3 | adapted · Walk Score |
Logistics operations
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adaptability | time or effort to reconfigure | Time (or cost) to reconfigure, extend or relocate the building or its partitions; checked against module dimensions and connections. | — | 5 | student |
| Delivery time | hours/minutes | Time from order or dispatch to delivery at the customer; or end-to-end cycle time in the supply chain. | — | 2 | adapted |
| Dock turnaround time | minutes | Time from a truck’s arrival at the gate until departure (or until goods enter processing). | — | 2 | adapted |
| Level of automation | employees per facility / % automated tasks | Share of handling tasks done by machines, or number of employees needed per facility at a given throughput. | — | 1 | student |
| Number of docks | docks | Docks needed to handle a given throughput, from queueing or discrete-event simulation. | — | 1 | student |
| Parking capacity | spaces or m² | Number of car/truck parking spaces (or parking area) provided, and their utilisation. | — | 4 | student |
| Road freight impact | % of emissions / road wear | Share of freight moved by trucks vs. their share of transport emissions; road wear per truck in car equivalents (fourth-power law). | — | 1 | adapted |
| Space utilisation | % of floor area / storage capacity | Floor area (or volume) actively used for storage and operations ÷ total. | Grasshopper | 3 | student |
| Throughput per site area | units/m²·day | Goods handled (parcels, pallets, tonnes) per day ÷ site area. | — | 3 | student |
| Truck throughput | trucks/hour | Trucks handled per hour (or day), counted in a simulation or from operational data. | — | 2 | student |
| Yard area per dock | m²/dock (or % of site) | Paved manoeuvring and apron area ÷ number of docks; apron depth checked with vehicle swept-path analysis. | AutoTURN | 1 | student |
Safety
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pedestrian–vehicle conflict points | count (or % separated routes) | Number of points where pedestrian routes cross truck or van routes, counted on the site plan; or share of routes that are fully separated. | — | 4 | student |
| Worker safety incidents | incidents/year | Recorded incidents per year (or hazard zones per layout) in operational areas. | — | 3 | student |
Social
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green space per visitor | m²/person | Accessible green space ÷ expected daily users or visitors. | — | 1 | student |
| Green-core anchoring of mixed uses | % of entrances (or frontage length) | Building entrances (or ground-floor frontage length) of all uses within a set walking distance (e.g. 100 m) of a shared green spine ÷ total entrances (or frontage length). | — | 7 | adapted |
| Jobs created | jobs | Number of jobs (FTE) created on site, by function. | — | 2 | student |
| Mixed-use ratio | % of floor area | Floor area of non-logistics uses (retail, workshops, community, offices) ÷ total floor area. | — | 5 | student |
| Publicly accessible area | m² or % of site | Area freely open to the public (plazas, parks, roofs, ground-floor uses) ÷ site area. | Grasshopper | 8 | student |
| Social acceptance | qualitative / survey score | Resident and user survey, or qualitative assessment, of whether the logistics activity is perceived as a benefit rather than a nuisance. | — | 2 | student |
| Social interaction index | users/day | Observed or estimated number of people using the public spaces of the project per day. | — | 3 | student |
| Visual impact on neighbours | % of view obstructed / screened | Share of the view from neighbouring windows obstructed by the building, or share of the built perimeter visually screened (by greenery or design). | Jifto, Ladybug | 7 | student |
Structure
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural utilisation | % of capacity / kN/m² | Loads (dead, live, snow per Eurocode) and the resulting utilisation of structural members, from hand calculation or finite-element analysis. | Donkey, Karamba3D | 1 | standard · Eurocode |
Water
| Metric | Unit | How it is calculated | Tools | Used in | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impervious surface ratio | % of site | Sealed (paved, built, roofed without retention) area ÷ total site area × 100. The permeable ratio is the complement. | Grasshopper | 5 | student |
| Stormwater retention volume | m³ | Sum of the storage capacity of green roofs, swales, ponds and tanks; or design rainfall × area × (1 − runoff coefficient). | — | 3 | student |
| Stormwater runoff reduction | % vs. baseline | (Runoff before − runoff after) ÷ runoff before. Runoff = runoff coefficient × design rainfall × area, summed over surface types. | Rainflow-Sim | 4 | student |
| Water consumption | m³/year | Metered or estimated annual water use; for data centres often normalised per kWh of IT energy (WUE). | — | 2 | student |
| Water reuse share | % of demand | Reused rain or grey water ÷ total water demand × 100. | — | 4 | student |